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International Seminar on Executive Function, Inhibitory Control and Theory-of-Mind
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13:00-13:40 <Keynote Lecture 1>
Speaker: John N. Towse (Lancaster University, UK)
Title: Executive
function and goal maintenance in preschool children: Evidence for graded representations
in working memory
13:45-14:45 <Session 1>
Yukio Maehara (Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University): The role of executive function in inference of mental state of others
Yuki Otuska (Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University): Aging effects on ACC in working memory
Ayako Ogawa (Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University): The relationship between theory of mind and executive function in young children
14: 50-15:30 <Keynote Lecture 2>
Speaker: Christopher Jarrold (University of Bristol, UK)
Title: Working
memory and inhibitory control: Are they interacting executive functions?
15:35-16:35 <Session 2>
Yusuke Moriguchi (Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University): Social transmission of disinhibition in young children
Ikuko Shinohara (Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University): Maternal mind-mindedness and infant's response to other's attentional state
Hajimu Hayashi (Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University): Young children's understanding of commission and omission
16:35-17:00 <Comments and Discussions>
uv|: Keynote Lecture 1
Executive function and goal maintenance in preschool children: Evidence for graded representations in working memory.
John N. Towse (Lancaster University, UK)
Executive function is widely recognized to be an important aspect of complex, purposeful behaviour, and executive skills mature considerably through childrenfs development. Executive function in adults has been examined through a variety of paradigms. One important strand involves a phenomenon known as goal neglect: the disregard of a task requirement even though it is understood. In an independent research programme, through a card sorting paradigm (DCCS), a dissociation between knowledge and action has been reported among preschool children. This talk will attempt to throw light on each approach, and consider what they tell us about the deployment of working memory representations, by assessing evidence for goal neglect in young children. In an initial study, we adapted the original egoal neglectf task for use with 3- and 4-year-olds, and also tested executive functioning with a form of Stroop and DCCS task. We report two classes of error on the goal neglect task, each of which is uniquely related to performance on the accompanying executive tasks. In a follow-up study, we report evidence for recovery from neglect, and indications that that 'cue affordance' influences the successful implementation of goal-directed behaviour. We suggest that working memory representations can take graded values, rather than being present or absent.
uv|: Keynote Lecture 2
Working memory and inhibitory control: Are they interacting executive functions?
Christopher Jarrold (University of Bristol, UK)
Many would argue that executive tasks necessarily involve holding a rule in mind while inhibiting prepotent responses, and Roberts, Pennington and colleagues have suggested that working memory and inhibitory control are, in fact, interactive executive functions. In previously published work I and my colleagues have tested this model by developing executive tasks in which the extent of working memory load and inhibitory demand are manipulated orthogonally, in order to see whether these factors do interact as this model predicts. In this talk I focus on data from a new study which improved on our previous work and which involved presenting two executive tasks (a continuous performance test and a Stroop-like task) to a sample of 9- to 11-year-old children. In both tasks the manipulation of working memory load interacted statistically with that of inhibitory load, such that performance was particularly poor when the task combined high memory and high inhibitory demands. These results suggest that while working memory and inhibitory control may well be distinguishable executive functions, they compete for the same pool of resources, leading to a trade-off between them when executive demands are high.
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